Device for building up high pulse liquid pressures

ABSTRACT

A DEVICE FOR BUILDING UP LIQUID PRESSURE PULSES COMPRISES A CYLINDER HOUSING A PISTON, AND AT ONE SIDE OF THE PISTON, THE CYLINDER&#39;&#39;S FACE IS FILLED WITH COMPRESSED GAS AND SERVES AS A LOW PRESSURE CHAMBER DESIGNED TO ACCUMULATE ENERGY FROM A FORCED STROKE OF THE PISTON IN THE DIRECTION OF THE CHAMBER. THE SPACE AT THE OTHER SIDE OF THE PISTON IS FILLED WITH LIQUID AND SERVES AS A HIGH PRESSURE   CHAMBER. HIGH PRESSURE IN THE CHAMBER IS BUILT UP AS A RESULT OF INPACT OF THE PISTON ON THE LIQUID IN THIS CHAMBER UPON RECIPROCATION OF THE PISTON IN THE CYLINDER, THE PISTON OBTAINING KINETIC ENERGY IN THE COURSE OF ACCELERATION DURING EXPANSION OF THE COMPRESSED GAS.

Dec. 14, 197] 5, v, vorrsg ovs y EI'AL Re. 27,244

DEVICE FOR BUILDING UP HIGH PULSE LIQUID PRESSURES Original Filed May 5,1965 v 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

1971 a. v. VOITSEKHOVSKY ETI'AL Re. 27,244

DEVICE FOR BUILDING UP man PULSE mourn PREssuREs Original Filed May 5.1965 5 Sheets-Sheet I Dec. 14, 197] v, VOITSEKHOVSKY EI'AL Re. 27,244

DEVICE FOR BUILDING UP HIGH PULSE LIQUID PRESSURES Original Filed May 5,1965 5 Sheets-Sheet I Dec. 14, 197] 9, v. Vdrrsgmqdvs Y ETAL Re. 27,244

DEVICE FOR BuILbING UP HIGH PULSE LIQUID PRESSURES Original Filed May 5les s Shets-Sheet 4 FIGS &

1971 B. v. VOITSEKHOVSKY ETA!- 27,244

DEVICE FOR BUILDING UP HIGH PULSE LIQUID PRESSURE-S Original Filed May5. 1965 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 J: 1111: w 0 j United States Patent Oflice Re.27,244 Reissued Dec. 14, 1971 27,244 DEVICE FOR BUILDING UP HIGH PULSELIQUID PRESSURES Bogdan Vjacheslavovich Voitsekhovsky, Elmar AndreevichAntonov, Valentin Pavlovich Nickolaev, Grigory Yankelevich Shoikhet,Vladimir Mikhailovich Dudin, Alexandr Vasiljevich Shevchenko, andNickolai Fedorovich Olenkov, Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R., assignors toInstitute Gidrodinamiki Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademi lflauk U.S.S.R.,Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R.

Original No. 3,412,554, dated Nov. 26, 1968, Ser. No. 453,424, May 5,1965. Application for reissue Nov. 26, 1969, Ser. No. 888,174.

Int. Cl. F15b 7/00 U.S. Cl. 60--54.5 HA 36 Claims Matter enclosed inheavy brackets II] appears in the original patent but forms no part ofthis reissue specification; matter printed in italics indicates theadditions made by reissue.

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A device for building up liquid pressurepulses comprises a cylinder housing a piston, and at one side of thepiston, the cylinders face is filled with compressed gas and serves as alow pressure chamber designed to accumulate energy from a forced strokeof the piston in the direction of the chamber. The space at the otherside of the piston is filled with liquid and serves as a high pressurechamber. High pressure in the chamber is built up as a result of inpactof the piston n the liquid in this chamber upon reciprocation of thepiston in the cylinder, the piston obtaining kinetic energy in thecourse of acceleration during expansion of the compressed gas.

The present invention relates to devices for building up static anddynamic liquid pressures of relatively high magnitudes and of pulse formand a method of employing such devices.

Pressure magnitude is generally limited only by the strength of thematerial of the vessel in which this pressure is built up.

Known devices for building up liquid pressures include those based onthe use of an electric discharge or of a detonation of an explosivedirectly in the liquid. The practical use of such known devices islimit-ed by the low efficiency of the utilization of the liberatedenergy.

Devices, which use an electric discharge in liquid to obtain pulsepressures, require high-voltage equipment. This equipment is rathercomplicated in operation especially under industrial conditions.Besides, high-voltage equipment is very expensive and does not have ahigh degree of reliability.

Devices, which use the energy of explosions in liquid for building uppulse pressures, also have a number of disadvantages. Thesedisadvantagesinclude the danger of employing explosives under industrial conditions,mechanical difiiculties and automatization difiiculties, as well as thehigh cost per unit of energy liberated by an explosive.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages ofthese known devices.

A particular object of the invention is to provide an improvedindustrial installation for building up liquid pressure pulses, saidinstallation having a higher eificiency than known devices.

These objects are achieved, in accordance with the invention, by using adevice for building up liquid pressure pulses, with at least onecylinder, said cylinder housing a piston. At one side of the piston, thecylinder space is filled with compressed gas and serves as alow-pressure chamber designed to accumulate energy from the forcedstroke of the piston in the direction of the chamber. The space at theother side of the piston is filled with liquid and serves as ahigh-pressure chamber. High pressure in the chamber is built up as aresult of an impact of the piston upon the liquid in this chamber, saidpiston obtaining mechanical energ in the process of its accelerationduring expansion of compressed gas.

The device is fitted with one or more receivers for compressed gas, saidreceivers communicating with the lowpressure chamber through openings inthe cylinder side wall, said openings being located close to the facewall of the low-pressure chamber.

Other objects and features of the inventiomare next described withreference to an exemplary embodiment as illustrated in the appendeddrawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a device, provided in accordance with theinvention wherein the forced travel of the piston for compressing gas iseffected by liquid pressure, the device including a high-pressurechamber housed in a cylinder body;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a modification of the device in which theforced travel of the piston for compressing gas is eifectedmechanically;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a modification of the device in which thehigh-pressure chamber is mounted in the piston body, the piston beingmoved by liquid pressure;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a part of the device employing a floatingpiston placed in the high-pressure chamber;

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment and is a partially sectional view of adevice which incorporates a jet head and a mechanism for operating thejet head;

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of another device and a mechanism foropening and closing the opening in the jet head in accordance withanother embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a general view of a device of the invention with a connectedvessel in section;

FIG. 8 is a general view of a device of the invention with a closedvessel connected to it, in section, with a die and a blank positioned insaid vessel;

FIGS. 9 and 10 show the device with the connected vessel housing apiston; and

FIG. 11 shows the device being used as a press with the die and thedevice being movably installed.

The device as shown in FIG. 1 consists of a hollow rigid member such asa closed end cylinder 1 whose closed end bore serves as a low pressurechamber 2. The low pressure chamber houses a solid reciprocating piston3 which defines a space 2a or gas receiving chamber to the right as seenin FIG. 1 and a liquid receiving chamber 2b to the left of the piston 3as seen in FIG. 1. Cylinder head means 4 to 4" [4], housing acylindrical high pressure chamber 5, is rigidly fixed by a thread to thefront part of cylinder 1 and is coaxial with the latter. Cylinder headmeans 4 to 4" [4] has prestressed walls. The high pressure chamber 5ends with an outlet opening 6. The high pressure chamber may haveseveral outlet openings depending upon the requirements of the proposeddevice. The crosssectz'onal area [section] of opening 6 may correspondto the internal cross section of chamber 5 of cylinder head means 4 to 4[4]. High pressure chamber 5 of cylinder [=4] head means 4 to 4" isperiodically filled with liquid.

The front part of cylinder head means [4'] 4 to 4" is provided eitherwith an internal or external thread 7 by which loads such as forinstance, a hydropress cylinder are connected to high pressure chamber5. In the rear part of cylinder [5] head means [4] 4 to 4" its chamber 5has taper shaped widening 8 best described as a tapered countersinkmouth portion which serves as a guide for an impact piston or rod 9which is, as shown, a coaxial cylindrical forward extension of piston 3.It should be oted that high pressure chamber may have a cross seconcorresponding to the cross section of piston 3, so that 1e rod need notbe employed.

The length of taper shaped widening 8 is limited by hannels disposed inthe side wall of cylinder head team 4 to 4" [4], channels 10 extendingin a known tanner from the bottom end of the countersink portion 8djacent the transition area where said countersink poron joins thecylindrical surface of high pressure chamber ommunicating [with] betweenliquid receiving [low ressure] chamber 2b [2] and high pressure chamber5. hese channels are intended for free escape of liquid hen rod 9 ofpiston 3 passes said widening 8. The total ross section of channels 10is chosen at the maximum llowed by the design.

Channels 10 may not be necessary, if a floating piston 1 is used in highpressure chamber 5 (see FIG. 4). In 1is case, there should be a[guaranteed] clearance beveen the internal wallof cylinder head means[4] 4 7 4" and rod 9 of piston 3, as well as a limiting shoulder 2serving to preclude dopping of piston 11 out of chamer 5.

Return of piston 11 into the initial position after the npact isprovided by the delivery of a liquod of increased npact is provided bythe delivery of a liquid of increased ito chamber 2b [2] of cylinder 1.

The part of the wall of cylinder 1 which contacts ylinder head means[4], 4 to 4" has one or more inlet leans or openings 13 which serve todeliver liquid under ressure into chamber 2b for forced travel of piston3. he through section of openings 13 is determined by the elocity ofreturn of the piston 3 to the extreme rear osition. Openings 13 alsoserve for filling of high-presire chamber 5 with liquid.

The wall of cylinder 1 has, spaced at the side of cyliner head means 4to 4" [4], outlet means or openings 14, lrough which openings the liquidin front of the piston 1 chamber 2 is discharged during pistonacceleration. It desirable that the total cross section of openings 14be ot less than the internal cross-sectional area of cylinder Openings14 are periodically closed by a hollow cylinrical valve means or slide15 in the form of a cylindrical ushing on cylinder 1.

At one side, the travel of slide 15 is limited by a stop 6 located onthe external surface of cylinder 1 and, from 1e other side by packingcollar 17, which has a gasket of aft material (for instance, redcopper). Pointed nose 18 it slide 15 rests upon said gasket. Suchembodiment proides fortight closing [overlapping] of openings 14.

At its rear, low-pressure chamber 2a communicates 'ith gas containingmeans or receivers 19 through openigs or ports 20 in the side wall ofcylinder 1 and also ia annular air collector 21, said collector beingrigidly xed to receivers 19 and being in tight contact with the xternalsurface of cylinder 1. A slight longitudinal moverent is possiblebetween the collector and cylinder.

Such connection of cylinder 1 with receivers 19 serves relieve cylinder1 of inertia loads of the weight of the aceivers 19 at the moment ofpiston impact upon the quid. Between cylinder 1 and air collector 21there is a acking 22. At their fronts, receivers 19 are fixed to awasher 24 by rods 23, said washer being located at the 7011i; part ofcylinder [4] head means 4 to 4" and preluded by lug 25 from possiblemovement. Receivers 19 re disposed along a circle in parallel to theaxis of ylinder 1. The number of receivers is optional.

The cross section of openings 20 should be maximum; aid openings aredisposed in a common lateral plane. The istance between openings 20 andface [or] of wall 26 f chamber 2a of cylinder 1 is determined by thetime of Lg of piston 3 in its rear position. Bore end, cylinder eadmeans or wall 26 is connected with cylinder 1 by ap nut 27. Placedbetween the face of cylinder 1 and 'all 26 is packing 28 which providesfor the fluid tightess of chamber [2] 2a.

As well illustrated in FIG. 1 there is a threaded opening 29 in wall orcylinder head means 26, with a liquid venting command [control] valvemeans 30 fixed therein and fitted with a pin 31 extending into chamber2a of cylinder 1 from a valve member 31, slidably mounted withinthe bodyof valve means 30. Valve member 31 occupies a large portion of the space47 within. the valve means 30 and controls communication between thespace 47 and the surrounding atmosphere by opening and closingpassageway 47 leading from space 47 to the outer air.

Pn 31 is sealed in its opening by a sleeve 32. Command [Control] valvemeans 30 is connected via main line 33 and 34 with liquid receiving[low-pressure] chamber 2b [2] and right-hand space 35 of jack 36respectively (a second jack is not shown). Pistons 37 of jacks 36 arerigidly coupled with slide 15 through rods 38. Left-hand spaces 39 ofjacks 36 are coupled with receivers 19 through main line 40.

With the valve means 30 as described it is to be realized thatpressurized liquid from main line 33 can pass through the interior space47 and into main line 34 under full pressure without moving the valvemember 31'. However when impact of the piston 3 on the end of pin 31opens the valve member 3] liquid flow from the right hand space 35 ofjack 36 through the valve means 30 and out through the passageways 47will hold the valve member 31' in the open. position until flow from themain. line 34 through the valve means 30 ceases when the piston 37 ofthe jack 35 reaches end of travel to the right as seen in FIG. 1. Withthe stopping of liquid flow from the main line 34 through the valvemeans 30 the valve member 31' closes and remains closed under allconditions of pressure and liquid flow until the pin 31 is againimpacted by the piston 3.

The rear part of piston 3 is provided with an angular channel 41 inwhich a non-return valve 42 with axial opening 43 is secured. Valve 42is designed for the bypass of compressed gas from the space behind thepiston in chamber [2] 2a into receivers 19, when piston 3 passes opening20 while moving [in] into its rear position and flow rate controlled gasflow from receivers 19 into chamber 2a when the piston 3 is moving awayfrom wall 26.

The front part of rod 9 of piston 3 ends in tapershaped lug 44, whichserves as a hydraulic brake to damp the remaining energy of the piston.Piston 3 is fitted with packings 45 intended to preclude leakage ofliquid and gas. Rod 9 throughout its lengths is provided with lateralcircular grooves 46 which serve as labyrinth packings for thehigh-pressure liquid at the time of the impact.

The external surface of rod 9 is coated with an antifriction material.Rod 9 can be integral with piston 3, as shown in FIG. 1, or can berigidly fixed to the body of the piston.

The proposed device operates according to the following procedure.

At the end of the working stroke, when piston 3 is in the extreme frontposition (to the left in FIG. 1), receivers 19 and the space of chamber2a [2.] behind the piston are filled with gas compressed up to 50100kg./sq. cm. or atmospheres of pressure approximately.

It should be noted that, in this case, the compressed gas is notconsumed in the process of operation, while the losses caused byleakage, due to improper sealing, should be periodically replenished.

Piston 3 separates [the front part of] chamber 2b [2], as shown in FIG.1, from discharge openings 14, which are opened at the moment.

Through openings 13, the liquid being pumped under pressure up tokg./sq. cm. (the pump is not shown in the drawings) is delivered intosaid front part of chamber 2b [2], affects the front face of piston 3and moves, at the same time, along main line 33 through spaces 47 in thecasing of valve means 30 (which is closed) and main line 34 and isdelivered into right-hand space 35 of jacks 36. When the pressure ofliquid in said front part;

of chamber 2b and in spaces 35 of jacks 36 reaches a certain value,slide coupled to jacks 36 closes discharge openings 14, and at thismoment piston 3 starts to move to the extreme rear position and chamber5 is filled With liquid.

With movement of piston 3 compressed gas from cham ber 2a is deliveredinto receivers 19 through openings 20 and air collector 21. When piston3 overlaps opening 20, compressed gas remaining in [the rear part of]chamber 2a [2] [behind piston 3] is bypassed into receivers 19 throughnon-return valve 42 and channel 41.

When in its extreme rear position, piston 3 affects pin 31 of valvemeans 30. In this case, valve member 31 opens and though the pistonseparates from pin 31, said valve member 31' stays opened until completedischarge of liquid from space 35 of jacks 36. Under the influence ofcompressed gas, supplied from receivers 19 along main line into space 39of jacks 36, slide 15 opens discharge oepnings 14, which is accompaniedby drop of pressure in chamber 2b [2] of cylinder 1 in front of piston3. From this moment on, piston 3 is affected only by the pressure of thecompressed gas, delivered from receivers 19 through channel 41 andopening 43 of valve 42, said valve 42 staying closed.

Acceleration of piston 3 begins after openings 20 are no longer closed.The distance between wall 26 and openings 20 is covered by piston 3 at alow speed depending upon the cross-section of opening 43. The value ofthe cross-section of opening 43 is determined by the time of opening ofopenings 14 by slide 15 so that the time required for the mean face of[slide] piston to cover the distance between inner face of wall 26 andopenings 20 exceeds the time necessary for opening of openings 14.

At the moment of acceleration of piston 3, slide 15 should completelyopen openings 14, while valve means 30 should become closed.

During acceleration, the energy accumulated by compressed gas in theprocess of compression changes into kinetic energy of piston 3, whilethe liquid which was in front of the piston in chamber 2b [2], isdischarged through openings 14, by the end of acceleration, rod 9 ofpiston 3 enters chamber 5 through taper-shaped widening 8. After rod 9passes channels 10, an impact of piston 3 upon the liquid in chamber 5takes place, which results in a sharp pressure increase. The liquidwhich receives the energy during the impact is discharged throughopening [ings]6. The remaining kinetic energy of piston 3 is clamped byhydraulic brake 44.

Thus with such structure, when the front face of piston 3 passes theoutlet ports 14 the face of piston 3 moves into the last portion ofchamber 2b and reverses the flow of liquid through inlet means 13because of liquid being displaced by piston 3. This reverse flow ofliquid acts through main line 33, the space 47 of the valve means 30 andmain line 34 helping to actuate jacks 36 and close valve 15 in readinessfor the next cycle of operation.

It should be noted that hydraulic brake 44 may be disposed in the rearpart of high-pressure chamber 5. The cross section of chamber 5 maycorrespond tothe cross section of chamber 2, or in other words to thecross section of piston 3.

Described below is another embodiment of the proposed device and itsoperating principle.

The device shown in FIG. 2 consists of cylinder 1', to whose rear partpower cylinder 48 is attached coaxially. Piston 3 housed in cylinder 1,dividing the same into two spaces 11] and 2'.

Fixed rigidly to the front part of cylinder 1' With the help of athreaded connection, is cylinder [4] head means 4, whose chamber 5'serves as a high-pressure chamber with prestressed walls. The side wallof cylinder [4] head means 4' is provided with a channel 49, in whichnon-return valve 50 is located. Channel 49 serves to deliver liquid intochamber 5' [5].

Taper-shaped widening 8 and channels 10, though not shown in thedrawing, are in this case obligatory.

The front part of cylinder head means 4' is provided with thread [7] 7,which serves for the same purpose as in the above mentioned cases, andwith opening [6] 6'.

Besides, in the side wall of cyinder [4] head means 4 adjoininghigh-pressure chamber [5] 5, channels 51 are provided for the dischargeof air during the working stroke of the piston. Rod [9] 9' of piston [3]3 ends in taper-shaped lug [44] 44' and has circular grooves [46] 46.

Piston [3] 3 has space 52 in its rear part, which is entered by latchingmeans or catching device 53 fitted with hollow rod 54. Rod 54 of device53 passes through axial opening 55 in the rear face wall [26] 26' ofcylinder [1] l and is rigidly fixed to piston 56 of power cylinder 48.

The front part of rod 54 has widening 57. Installed in the body ofwidening 57 are at least two cams 58, which can move in the radialdirection. In its body, rod 54 has channel 59, which communicatesthrough opening 60 and channels 61 in the body of piston 56 with space62 of power cylinder 48. The internal wall of space 52 is in the body ofpiston [3] 3 is provided with annular slot 63, which is entered by earns58.

The rear part of piston [3] 3 is provided with channels 64, whichcommunicate with space 52 or circular groove 65 at the external surfaceof widening 57; circular groove 65 at certain moments communicates withannular slot 63. The body of widening 57 has longitidinal throughchannel 66 which serves to discharge compressed gas from space 52 ofpiston [31 3, when Widening 57 enters said space. Centering of catchingdevice 53 in chamber [2] 2' of cylinder [1] 1' is effected with the helpof stops 67 with which the body of widening 57 is equipped.

Chamber [2] 2 of cylinder [1] I communicates with receivers [19] 19'through openings [20] 20 in the side wall of cylinder. The cross-sectionof openings [20] 20 in this case also should be selected so as to bemaximum; said openings are to be disposed in a common lateral plane.

Wall [26] 26 of cylinder [1] 1' houses non-return valve 68 used for thedischarge of compressed gas into receivers [19] 19' in order to movepiston [3] 3 into the rear position, and valve 69 which is opened bypiston [3'] 3', when the latter is in its extreme rear position.

The purpose of valve 69 is to discharge compressed gas from the spacebehind the piston into command control valve [30] 30' disposed on the.external surface of cylinder [1] 1'.

Located in the side wall of the front part of power cylinder 48 arechannels 70 for the escape of discharged liquid, said liquid beingsupplied into spaces 62 of power cylinder 48 along channels 71 in orderto move piston 56.

Channels 70 and 71 communicate with circular chambers 72 and 73respectively, said chambers being separated by wall 74. Chamber 72 isopened to the atmosphere through opening 75, which is periodicallyoverlapped by control valve 76. Chamber 73 is connected with the pumpnot shown in the drawings, through channel 77, and with main line 78 andopening 79' in its side wall is connected to control valve 76 andcommand valve [30] 30'.

The rear wall of power cylinder 48 has one or more openings 80, throughwhich openings space [62] 62' con stantly communicates with receivers 81of low-pressure gas. The pressure of gas in receivers 81 should beapproximately up to 7-10 kg./sq. cm. The numbers [numbers] of receivers81 is optional. It should be noted that the volume of any receiversshould be chosen so that with the expansion of gas, the drop of pressurein these receivers does not exceed 2030 percent. High-pressure receivers[19] 19 in this case are attached to the external side of cylinder [1]1' with antifriction bearings 82.

The operating principle of the device as described with :ference to thepresent embodiment is as follows:

Prior to operation, receivers [19] 19 are filled up with Jmpressed gasunder a pressure of 50-100 kg./ sq. cm., 'hile receivers 81 are filledup with compressed gas with re pressure ranging from 7 to kg./sq. cm.The liquid supplied into the front part of space 62 of power cyliner 48through channel 77, circular chamber 73- and hannel 71. Further on,through channels 61 in the body E piston 56 openings 60, channels 121and channel 59, 1e liquid is delivered to cams 58 and separates them.

Being separated, the cams enter annular slot 63. At 1e same moment, theliquid from chamber 73 through pening 79' and main lines 78 and 83 isadmitted into JI1tIOl valve 76, which, being shifted, closes opening 75E circular chamber 72, command valve [30] 30' being t this momentclosed.

The liquid, supplied into the front part of space 62, ifects piston 56and piston [3] 3 connected with the itter, thus moving piston 56 to theextreme rear posion. In this case the low-pressure compressed gas fromJace [62] 62' behind piston 56 flows into receivers 81, 'hile thecompressed gas from chamber [2] 2' behind iston [3] 3 gets intoreceivers [19] 19' through open- 1g [20] 20' and air collector [21] 21When piston [3] 3 closes openings [20'] 20' in the side all of cylinder[1] 1', the compressed gas, which reiains between wall :[26] 26' andpiston [3] 3', flows ito receivers [19] 19 through non-return valve 68and rain line 84.

When in the extreme rear position, piston [3] 3' affects alve 69,opening the latter, and discharges the remaining ompressed gas which isdelivered into command valve 30] 30 through main line 85.

Being affected by the compressed gas, command valve 30] 30' opens,reducing the liquid pressure in control alve 76, and valve 68 at thismoment closes. With pis- )n [3] 3 moving backwards, valve 69 alsocloses.

After the drop of the liquid pressure in control valve 6, the compressedgas which is admitted from receivers 19] 19' through main line 86 tocontrol valve 76, opens 1e latter, thus reducing the liquid pressure inspace 62.

From this moment on, piston [3] 3 and piston 56 can 'avel only under theaction of the compressed gas suplied from receivers 81 into the [rearpart of] space 62] 62'.

In this case the leakage of compressed gas from reeivers through opening[20] 19' in cylinder [1] 1 into 1e space formed by the displacement tothe left of pisms [3] 3' and 56 (as shown in the drawing) is limited yspecial packings between piston [3] 3' and wall [2'6] 6 (not shown inthe drawing).

The ratio between the rate of displacement of pistons 3] 3' and 56, ontheir way from the time they leave all [26] 26' until openings [20] 20open, the aboveientioned leakage should be such that a vacuum is reatedin the space formed behind piston [3] 3' and ams 58 lose their contactwith piston [3] 3 The air leaves the space in front of piston [3] 3' viahannels 51. Coinciding in time with a drop in the liquid ressure inspace 62, there occurs a drop in the pressure f liquid in channel 59 ofrod 54-, said liquid moving no the front part of space 62.

Cams 58 leave annular slot 63 of piston [3] 3', being ifected by thecompressed gas supplied from receivers 19] 19' through channels 64 andgroove 65.

As soon as piston [3] 3' opens openings 20, it becomes isengaged fromcatching device 53, which continues roving forward at a low speed underthe effect of the ompressed gas delivered from receivers 81, whilepiston 13] 3 is accelerated by the compressed gas supplied Tom receivers[19] 19 through openings [20] 20.

By the moment rod [9] 9' of piston [3] 3 enters hamber [5] 5, the lattershould be necessarily filled p with the liquid delivered from the pumpthrough channel 49 and non-return valve 50. The impact of the pistonwith the liquid results in discharge of said liquid through opening [6]6'.

At the extreme front position of piston [3] 3', lug [44] 44 on rod [9] 9enters opening [6] 6, thus eliminating the impact of the piston with thewalls of chamber [5] 5. Catching device 53 continues moving forwardunder the effect of the compressed gas supplied from receivers 81. Whenbeing in the extreme position, catching device 53 enters space 52. ofpiston [3] 3, while piston 56 rests upon wall [26] 26 of cylinder [1] 1.Further on the process is repeated.

The device shown in FIG. 3 differs from the first two embodiments inlocation of the high-pressure chamber. High-pressure chamber [5] 5" ismade in the body of piston [3] 3"; the front face wall of cylinder [1]1" has internal lug 87 whose cross section corresponds to the crosssection of chamber [5] 5". In this case the space of piston [21'] 3"serving as a high-pressure chamber is provided with taper-shapedwidening [8'] 8" and channels [10 10", said widening and channels beingused for the same purpose as in the above-mentioned cases. The externalsurface of lug 87 has circular grooves [46] 46"; axial opening [6] 6" ismade in the body of said lug. Besides the diiferences mentioned, thedevice in this embodiment does not vary in principles from the devicesdescribed above.

Piston [3] 3" is set in the initial position, as shown in FIG. 3,through the use of the liquid pressure, but also with the help of apower mechanism.

In this embodiment, the maximum value of the pressure of dischargedliquid is less than in the first two embodiments, and depends upon thestrength of the wall of highpressure chamber ,[5] 5", the size of thesewalls being in this case limited by the design. In this case, the devicehas smaller weight and overall dimensions. Chamber [5] 5" is filled upwith liquid automatically with piston [3] 3" being set in the initialposition.

Described hereinafter are possible cases of the utilization of theproposed device. FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the case when the proposeddevice is employed for obtaining pulse dynamic sprays. Screwed to thefront part of cylinder head means 4 is jet head 88, which has axialopening 89 coinciding with outlet opening 6 of high-pressure chamber 5.

In case, piston 3 is set in the initial position by the pressure ofliquid, it is expedient to equip the device with mechanism 90 serving toperiodically open and close opening 89.

Mechanism 90 can be made as slide 91, driven by hydraulic cylinder 92and pneumatic cylinder 93 (FIGS. 1 and 5), said cylinders beingrespectively connected through a main line with the right-hand space ofjacks 36 and receivers 19 so, that mechanism 90 and slide 15 operate insynchronism (connections not shown in FIG. 1). It is quite possible,that [slide 91] cover 9] may be driven by a system of levers 94 (FIG. 6)coupled with slide 15, [as is] shown in FIG. [6] 1. In an embodimentemploying the catching device (see FIG. 2) opening 89 may not beoverlapped. It is desirable to make opening 89 wider at the outlet inorder to make the spray free from the remnant acoustic waves and toprovide for its long range.

The described device can be used, for instance, to crush rocks ofaverage strength, to clean castings of sand and scorching, to knock outrods in castings, to clean cement furnaces without their stopping, andfor other similar purposes. The device can be used to punch holes inlamination material placed on a die.

As shown in FIG. 7, the device can be used as a highpressure pump. Inthis case the sprays are discharged through non-return valve 95, forinstance into vessels 96 to be tested for the strength of the walls. Theadvantage of the device when used as a high-pressure pump is the absenceof packings on rod 9 of piston 3. The

absence of packings is explained by the high speed of movement of piston3 in cylinder 1. Circular grooves 46 provide for minimum leakage ofliquid through the clearance between rod 9 of piston 3 and the internalwall of high-pressure chamber 5.

One more example of employment of the described device is illustrated inFIG. 8 (hydraulic stamping of parts). Connected to the device is stamp97 with space 98 communicating with chamber and space 99 of die 100.Spaces 98 and 99 are overlapped by valve 101 during the compressionstroke of piston 3, and communicate with each other when piston 3impacts on the liquid of highpressure chamber 5. For the purpose ofstamping, blank 102 is placed on die 100.

If the volume of the article to be stamped is less than the volume ofthe liquid discharged during one stroke of piston 3 blank 102 is stampedduring one discharge of the spray.

If otherwise, the number of discharges is determined by the volume, andstrength of the material of the blank to be stamped. The maximum volumeof the blank to be stamped is determined by the required pressure andcompression ability of the stamping liquid. If a nonreturn valve isemployed (not shown in the drawing) and if leakage from space 98 iseliminated, the volume of this space can be increased unlimitedly.

FIG. 9 illustrates a special case, when the device is employed as apress. The liquid being discharged from the high-pressure chamberthrough opening [6] 6 affects piston 103 of the press, thus moving it.Piston 103 carries the working member 104. Touching the blank, piston103 treats the latter. In the above-described case the device mayperform cold volume stamping, press welding, embossing, pressing, etc.

As compared with the commonly-used hydraulic presses the speed of piston103 is much higher, thus providing for the possibility of plastic pressdeformation of such materials as copper, brass, steel, aluminum. Underthe same condition the press in this embodiment has significantlysmaller overall dimensions, than usual hydraulic and mechanical presses.As compared with the mechanical presses, the press in this embodimentcan withstand overloading, as the maximum possible load is determinednot by the amount of energy receiving during one working stroke, but bythe maximum liquid pressure. Efforts in this case are received by rigidlinks 105.

Due to the pulse character of the process it is possible to use greatefforts developed by the press without imparting them to rigid links.

This case is illustrated in FIG. 10 with reference to the embodiment ofthe device used for crushing rocks. The device employing the sameprinciple can be used for rock excavations.

It is more expedient to use the described device as a hydraulic press,in which the efforts are imparted to through a movable thrust mass. Thiscase is illustrated in FIG. 11.

Thrust mass 106 with die 107 and a device with connected vessel 108housing piston 109 are installed so that they can move relatively toeach other. Treated workpiece 110 is placed between piston 109 carryingthe Working member, for instance the punch (conventionally shown in thedrawing is the piston only), and movable die 107. Prior to operation,the device and thrust mass 106 are pressed to treated workpiece 110 withthe force providing for the return of piston 109 to the initialposition. At the moment of the impact of piston 3 upon the liquid, thelatter shifts piston 109, which performs useful work and, for instance,punches holes in blank 110. The inertia of thrust mass 106 and of thedevice in this case serves as a support.

The advantages of this press are: the absence of a solid base as isnecessary for a forging hammer, the absence of an operating frame,receiving the forces, such as usually 10 used with hydraulic presses,and independence of the maximum effort value upon the energy liberatedduring the impact, due to the absorbing action of the liquid.

What is claimed is:

1. A device for building up high pressure pulses of liquid, comprisingat least one cylinder and one piston housed in said cylinder; saidcylinder having at one side of the piston a first space connectedthrough an opening in the cylinder with at least one receiver filledwith compressed gas and serving as a low-pressure chamber; said cylinderhav ing at the other side of the piston a second space in the body ofthe cylinder face portion, filled up with liquid and provided with atleast one outlet opening; said second space having a cross-sectioncorresponding to the crosssection of the piston and serving as a highpressure chamber, said high pressure being built up as a result of theimpact of said piston upon the liquid, said piston including in the faceportion at the side of the high pressure cham ber a taper-shaped lug;circular grooves being provided on the external surface of the pistonportion entering the high-pressure chamber; an angular through channelbeing provided in said piston and connecting its side surface with theface surface at the side of the low pressure chamber; a non-return valvewith a through opening being provided in the plunger of said non-returnvalve located in said angular channel; said cylinder having in the sideWall of the high pressure chamber at least one opening for deliveringthe liquid under pressure for forced travel of said piston in thedirection of the low-pressure chamber, openings serving for thedischarge of the liquid during the piston working stroke; a cylindricalbushing to open and close said openings and having a reciprocatingmotion along the external surface of said cylinder; jacks secured to theexternal surface of said cylinder, the rods of said jacks being rigidlyconnected to the cylindrical bushing with one of the spaces of each jackbeing connected to a main line delivering the liquid under pressure fortravel of the piston, and the other space of each jack communicatingwith said receiver filled with compressed gas; a command valve includinga protruding pin entering the low pressure chamber in the face wall ofsaid cylinder, limiting the low pressure chamber and connecting thehydraulic space of each said jack with the atmosphere with said pistonacting upon said protruding pin of said command valve.

2. A device according to claim 1, having a spray head connected to theoutlet opening of the high pressure chamber of said device; and a slidevalve connected by means of a system of levers and a drive with the rodof one of the jacks of said device and used to periodically open andclose the outlet opening in said spray head,

3. A device for building up high pressure pulses of liquid, comprisingat least one cylinder and one piston including a rod, housed in saidcylinder; said cylinder having at one side of the piston a first spaceconnected through an opening in the cylinder with at least one receiverfilled with compressed gas and serving as a low pressure chamber; saidcylinder having at the other side of said piston a second space in thebody of its face portion and filled with liquid and having at least oneoutlet opening; said second space having a cross-section correspondingto the cross-section of the rod and serving as a high pressure chamber,said high pressure resulting from impact of the rod of said piston uponthe liquid, said highpressure chamber having at the side of said pistona widening providing for free entry of the rod into the chamber; saidcylinder having in its body at the point of the location of saidWidening channels connecting the high pressure chamber with the space infront of said piston; said rod including a taper-shaped lug, circulargrooves being provided on the rod in that portion entering thehigh-pressure chamber; an angular through channel being provided in saidpiston, connecting the side surface thereof with the surface facing thelow-pressure chamber; a non-return valve including a plunger and havinga through opening in the plunger, said non-return valve being located insaid angular channel to permit flow from the low-pressure hamber; saidcylinder being provided adjacent the highressure chamber with at leastone opening for delivering quid under pressure for forced travel of saidpiston in 1e direction of the low pressure chamber; openings beingrovided in the cylinder for the discharge of the liquid uring theworking stroke of the piston; a cylindrical ushing for closing andopening said openings and adapted or reciprocating motion along theexternal surface of said ylinder; jacks secured to the external surfaceof said ylinder and including rods rigidly connected to said cylinricalbushing, with one of the space of each jack being onnected to a mainline delivering liquid under pressure )1 travel of the piston, and theother space being conected to said receiver filled with compressed gas;a comiand valve on said cylinder including a protruding pin ntering thelow-pressure chamber for limiting the loW- ressure chamber andconnecting the hydraulic space of ach said jack with the atmosphere,with said piston acting pon said protruding pin of said command valve.

4. A device for building up high pressure pulses of lquid, comprising atleast one cylinder and one piston .oused in said cylinder; said cylinderhaving at one side of he piston a space connected through an opening inthe ylinder with at least one receiver filled with compressed as andserving as a low pressure chamber; said cylinder icluding an internallug at the other side of said piston; aid piston having at the side ofsaid lug a space filled with iquid and serving as a high pressurechamber, said high Iressure being built up as a result of the impact ofthe pison upon the liquid, said lug of said cylinder entering the paceof said piston, said space having a cross-section coresponding to thecross-section of said lug; said lug having n the portion entering thehigh presure chamber circular rooves; said space in said piston having awidening proiding for free entry of said lug into the latter said space;aid piston having adjacent said widening, channels con- ,ecting the highpressure chamber with the space in said iston, a taper-shaped lug insaid high pressure chamber; n angular through channel provided in saidpiston and onnecting its side surface with the surface facing thelowressure chamber; a non-return valve including a plunger nd providedwith a through opening in the plunger, said .on-return valve beinglocated in said angular channel; aid cylinder including a side Walladjacent the high-presure chamber provided with at least one opening fordelivring liquid under pressure for forced travel of said piston n thedirection of the low pressure chamber, said cylinder eing provided withopenings for the discharge of liquid .uring the piston working stroke; acylindrical bushing to lose and open said openings and adapted forreciprocat- 1g motion along said cylinder; jacks secured to said cylin-.er and including rods rigidly connected to said cylindrical ushing,with one of the spaces of each jack being con- ,ected to a main linedelivering liquid under pressure for ffecting travel of the piston, andthe other communicatng with said receiver filled with compressed gas; acomland valve on said cylinder including a protruding pin ntering thelow pressure chamber for limiting the low iressure chamber andconnecting the hydraulic space of ach said jack with the atmosphere withthe said piston cting upon the protruding pin of said command valve.

5. A device for building up high pressure pulses of iquid, comprising atleast one cylinder and one piston .oused in said cylinder; said cylinderhaving at one side f the piston a first space connected through openingslith a plurality of receivers located around said cylinder nd filledwith compressed gas and serving as a low presure chamber; said cylinderhaving at the other side of the iston a second space filled with liquidand provided with t least one outlet opening; said second space having.a ross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the |iston andserving as a high pressure chamber, said high Iressure being built up asa result of the impact of said liston upon the liquid, said pistonincluding at the side if the high pressure chamber a taper-shaped lug;circular grooves provided on the piston portion entering the highpressure chamber; an angular through channel being provided in saidpiston and connecting its side surface with the surface facing thelow-pressure chamber; a non-return valve including a plunger with athrough opening, said non-return valve located in said angular channeland permitting flow from the low-pressure chamber; said cylinder havingadjacent the high-pressure chamber at least one opening for deliveringliquid under pressure for the forced travel of said piston in thedirection of the low pressure chamber, openings being provided in thecylinder for the discharge of liquid during the piston working stroke; acylindrical bushing for closing and opening said openings and adaptedfor reciprocating motion along the external surface of said cylinder;jacks on said cylinder and including rods rigidly connected to saidcylindrical bushing, one of the spaces of each jack being connected to amain line delivering liquid under pressure for effecting travel of thepiston, and the other space of each jack communicating With at least oneof said receivers filled with compressed gas; a command valve on saidcylinder and including a protruding pin entering the low pressurechamber for limiting the low pressure chamber and connecting thehydraulic space of each said jack with the atmosphere, with said pistonacting upon said protruding pin of said command valve.

6. A device for building up high pressure pulses of liquid, comprisingat least one cylinder and one piston including a rod, housed in saidcylinder; said cylinder having at one side of the piston a first spaceconnected through openings with a receiver located around said cylinderand filled with compressed gas and serving as a low pressure chamber;said cylinder having at the other side of the piston a second spacefilled with liquid and having at least one outlet opening; said secondspace having a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of therod and serving as a high-pressure chamber, said high pressure beingbuilt up as a result of the impact of said piston rod upon the liquid,said high pressure chamber having a widening providing for 'free entryof the rod into said chamber; said cylinder having, adjacent saidwidening, channels connecting the high pressure chamber with the spacein front of said piston; said rod including adjacent the high pressurechamber a taper-shaped lug, circular grooves being provided on the rodportion entering the high pressure chamber, an angular through channelbeing provided in said piston and connecting its side surface with thesurface facing the low pressure chamber; a non-return valve including aplunger provided with a through opening, said non-return valve beinglocated in said angular channel and permitting flow from the lowpressurechamber; said cylinder having at the side of the high-pressure chamberat least one opening for delivering the liquid under pressure foreffecting forced travel of the piston in the direction of thelow-pressure chamber, said cylinder being provided with openings for thedischarge of the liquid during the piston Working stroke; a cylindricalbushing for closing and opening said openings and adapted forreciprocating motion along the external surface of said cylinder; jackson said cylinder and including rods rigidly connected to saidcylindrical bushing with one of the spaces of each jack being connectedto a main line delivering the liquid under pressure for travel of thepiston, and the other space of each jack communicating with at least oneof said receivers filled with compressed gas; a command valve on saidcylinder and including a projecting pin entering the low pressurechamber limiting the low pressure chamber and connecting the hydraulicspace of each said jack with the atmosphere, with said piston actingupon said protruding pin of said command valve.

7. A device according to claim 6, having a spray head connected to theoutlet opening of the high pressure chamber, a slide valve used toperiodically close and open the outlet opening in said spray head, ahydraulic cylin- 13 der and a pneumatic cylinder located at both sidesof said valve and used to drive the latter, said hydraulic cylinderbeing connected in turn with the main line supplying licluid underpressure and the atmosphere, whereas the pneumatic cylinder is connectedat least with one receiver filled up with compressed gas.

8. A device according to claim 6 having a floating piston housed in saidhigh pressure chamber and having the cross-section corresponding to thecross-section of the high pressure chamber; said floating piston havingcircular grooves provided on the external surface thereof.

9. A device according to claim 6 having a closed vessel connected to theoutlet opening of the high pressure chamber of said device.

10. A device according to claim 6 having a closed vessel connected tothe outlet opening of the high pressure chamber of said device through anon-return valve.

11. A device according to claim 6, comprising a die with a blank, placedinto said closed vessel in order to stamp a part.

12. A device according to claim 6 having a vessel connected to theoutlet opening of the high pressure chamber of said device, a pistonhoused in said vessel to perform its working stroke under the action ofthe pressure of the discharged liquid spray, and a working memberrigidly connected to said piston housed in said vessel.

13. A device according to claim 6 having a vessel connected to theoutlet opening of the high pressure chamber of said device, a pistonhoused in said vessel and performing its working stroke under the actionof the pressure of the discharged liquid spray, a working member made asa punch and rigidly connected to said piston housed in said vessel, anda die mounted on a stationary support to permit treatment of parts bymeans of said punch.

14. A device according to claim 6 having a vessel connected to theoutlet opening of the high pressure chamber of said device, a pistonhoused in said vessel and performing its working stroke under the actionof the pressure of the discharged liquid spray, a working member made asa punch and rigidly connected to said piston housed in said vessel, anda die mounted on a movable support to permit treatment of parts by meansof said punch.

15. A device/for building up high pulse pressures of liquid comprising afirst cylinder [(1)] (1') (see FIG. 2);

a first piston [(3)] (3) provided with a space (52) and a rod [(9)](9'), housed in said first cylinder [(1)] (1) and dividing the same intotwo spaces 1 said rod being provided with circular grooves [(46)] (46)in the outer surface thereof;

said rod further including an end portion;

a taper-shaped lug [(44)] (44') on the end portion of said rod [(9)](9);

at lesat one receiver [(19)] (19), with compressed gas therein,connected through openings (20') provided in said first cylinder [(1)](1 to one of said two spaces [(2)] (2'), and forming together with thelatter a low-pressure chamber;

a high-pressure cylinder [(4)] (4') coaxially connected to said space(111) and including a front provided with an internal thread [(7)] (7)adapted for being connected to an energy consumer;

said first cylinder including a face wall [(26)] (26); a power cylinder(48) coaxially connected to the face wall [(26)] (26) of said firstcylinder [(1)] a compressed gas source (81);

a seecond piston (56) housed in said power cylinder (48) and dividingthe same into a space (62) and a space [(118)] (62'), the latter beingcoupled with a compressed gas source (81), the pressure in which islower than that in said receiver [(19)] said power cylinder (48) beingprovided with channels 14 (70) for draining liquid into the atmospherewhen the working stroke of said second piston (56) is completed;

said second piston (56) including a hollow rod (54) provided with achannel (59) passing through said face wall [(26)] (26) of said firstcylinder [(1)] (1') into said space [(2)] (2') of said first cylinder asource of liquid pressure;

said second piston (56) being provided with channels (121) to supplyliquid, when said piston (56) is in its extreme front position, to thechannel (59) of said hollow rod (54) from said source of liquidpressure;

earns (58) adapted to engage said first piston [(3)] said power cylinder(48) being provided with channels (71) for supplying liquid into thechannel (59) of saidhollow rod (54) and one of said spaces (62-) of saidsecond piston (56) to provide for an engagement of said cams (58) withsaid first piston [(3)] (3') and the reversal stroke of said secondpiston said cams (58) being located at the end portion of said hollowrod (54) for engaging said first piston [(3)] (3') of said firstcylinder [(1)] (1) under the action of the pressurized liquid suppliedvia the channel (59) of said hollow rod (54), and releasing said firstpiston [(3)] (3) from the effect of the compressed gas pressure,supplied through channels "(64), circular groove (65) and annular slot(63) provided in said first piston [(3)] (3');

a first non-return valve (68) fixed in said face wall [(26)] (26'), andconnecting said one s ace [(2)] (2') of said first cylinder [(1)] (1')to the compressed gas receiver (19') [(19)] after the openings [(20)](20) of said first cylinder [(1)] (1) are closed by said first piston[(3)] (3) during the reversal stroke thereof;

a [control] command valve [(30)] (30) including a membrane (119);

a second non-return valve (69) fixed in said face wall [(26)] (26) ofsaid first cylinder (1') [(1)], and connecting one said space [(2)] (2)of said first cylinder [(1)] (1) to the [control] command valve [(30)](30), when said first piston [(3)] (3') acts upon said command valve[(30)] (30) at the end of its reversal stroke;

a [second] control valve (76);

said [control] command valve [(30)] (30) being connected through opening(79) to said source of liquid pressure, said second non-return valve(69), said [second] control valve (76), and the atmosphere, and openedby the compressed gas acting upon said [membrance] membrane (119) of thecommand valve [(30)] (30') when said first piston [(3')] (3') operatessaid second non-return valve said [second] control valve (76) beingconstantly connected to said compressed gas receiver (19), [the first]said [control] command valve [(30)] (30'). one of said spaces (62) ofsaid power cylinder (48) and connected to the atmosphere at the end ofthe working stroke of said second piston ('56);

and a high-pressure chamber [(5)] (5') in sait high-pressure cylinder[(4)] (4), provided with 2 channel (49) for supplying liquid therein,the cross section of said chamber corresponding to the cross section ofsaid rod [(9)] (9) of said first pistor there being provided at leastone outlet opening [(6)] (6) in said high-pressure chamber 5)] (5'), f0]draining from the device liquid under a high pressure built up as aresult of an impact received frorr said [first piston] first piston[(3)] (3) acceleratec' to high speed by the compressed gas in thelow-pressure chamber.

16. A device for building up high pressure pulses of quid comprising: arigid member having an elongated losed end bore therein; a pistonaxially movable within aid bore to form axially variable chamberstherein; zid piston moving cyclically through an initial half cyclerroke from adjacent one end of said bore to adjacent 2e other endthereof and through a return half cycle froke in a reverse manner; gascontaining means in as flow communication through a major portion ofeach f said strokes with one of said chambers formed in part y saidother end of said bore; said rigid member having quid inlet means inconstant communication with the ther of said chambers which is adaptedto be connected 7 a source of liquid under pressure; said rigid memberaving liquid outlet means communicating with said other hamber during amajor portion of each of said strokes; alve means cooperable with saidliquid outlet means 7 selectively control the opening and closing ofsaid quid outlet means; valve actuating means cooperable ith said valvemeans and operable in: timed relationship ith the movement of saidpiston to open said liquid utlet means at the end of said initial strokeand maintain aid liquid outlet means open during said return stroke ndto maintain said liquid outlet means closed during aid initial stroke;said rigid member having impact hamber means extending from said one endof said ore; said piston having impact means extending thereomandtowards said one end of said bore; and said npact means being slidablyreceived in said impact chamer means in substantially liquid tightrelationshp thereth throughout the movement of said piston during thetiter portion of said return stroke.

17. A device as specified in claim 16 wherein said npact means iscylindrical and coaxial with said piston nd said impact chamber.

18. A device for building up high pressure pulses of quid as specifiedin claim 16 additionally comprising; assageway means communicating withthe portion of tid one chamber adjacent said other end of said bore,-leans cooperable with said passageway means operable r limit the maximumgas pressure in said portion of said ne chamber during the final portionof said initial stroke. 19. A device for building up high pressurepulses of quid as specified in claim 16 additionally comprising;assageway means communicating between said gas coniining means and theportion of said one chamber adjaznt said other end of said bore; meanscooperable with lid passageway means to limit the rate of gas flow intotid portion of said one chamber through said passageway teans from saidgas receiving means and to allow subantially free flow from said portionof said one chamber 1' said gas receiving means.

20. A device as specified in claim 16 wherein said alve actuating meanscomprises at least one valve acturing piston connected to said valvemeans; valve actuatrg cylinder means encompassing said valve actuatingiston; said valve actuating cylinder means being in fluid owcommunication with said liquid supply means at one 1d portion and influid flow communication with said as containing means at the other endportion of said ilve actuating cylinder means.

21. A device as specified in claim 16 wherein said iston blocks liquidflow through said liquid outlet means uring the final portion of saidreturn stroke.

22. A device for building up high pressure pulses of quid comprising; atleast one cylinder and one power :ston housed in said cylinder; saidpower piston forming "st and second reciprocally axially variablechambers ithin said cylinder between first and second head surrces ofsaid power piston and inner surfaces of first and 'cond cylinder headmeans respectively; said first chamer having at least one gas flow portthrough the wall of rid cylinder at the point axially spaced from saidinner surface of'said first cylinder head means; gas receiving meansconnected to said gas flow port by free flow fluid conducting means;said second chamber having at least one liquid inlet port through saidwall inwardly adjacent said second cylinder head means; said secondchamber having at least one liquid outlet part through said wall at apoint axially spaced from said second cylinder head means; said liquidinlet ports adapted to be connected to a pressurized liquid supply;outlet valve means for opening and closing said liquid outlet ports;valve actuating means for operating said outlet valve means operable toopen said outlet valve upon near approach of said power piston to saidfirst cylinder head means; impact chamber means extending axially fromsaid inner surface of said second cylinder head means; impact pistonmeans extending from said second head surface of said power pistoncoatxially with said impact chamber means; said impact piston meansbeing dimensioned and provided with seal means to be slidably receivedin said impact chamber in substantially liquid tight relationshiptherewith; passageway means communicating between said gas receivingmeans and the portion of said first chamber adjacent said inner surfaceof said first cylinder head means; valve means cooperable with saidpassageway means to limit the rate of gas flow through said passagewaymeans into said last mentioned portion of said first chamber from saidgas receiving means and to allow substantially free flow from saidchamber portion to said gas receiving means.

23. A device as specified in claim 22 wherein said outlet valve means isa hollow cylindrical valve surrounding said cylinder and is axiallymovable to open and close said outlet ports.

24. A device as specified in claim 23 wherein said hollow cylindricalvalve is actuated by valve actuating piston means connected to saidvalve and movable in a valve actuating cylinder in response to pressuredifierential between end portions of said cylinder; one end portion ofsaid valve actuating cylinder being in fluid flow communicating withsaid gas receiving means and the other end portion of said valveactuating cylinder adapted to be in vented fluid flow communication withsucha liquid supply means.

25. A device as specified in claim 24 wherein there is a liquid ventingcommand valve means in a conduit adapted to provide said fluid fiowcommunicating between such a liquid supply means and said other endportion of said valve actuating cylinder; said command valve meanshaving actuating means operable by said power piston to vent saidconduit and provide for gas powered movement of said valve actuatingpiston to open said outlet valve.

26. A device as specified in claim 25 wherein said liquid ventingcommand valve means in said conduit comprises; a command valve; anactuating rod in said command valve means extending from. within saidcommand valve means into said first chamber and into the path of saidpower piston near the end of stroke of said piston to open said commandvalve when struck by said power piston; said command value means beingdesigned to hold said command valve open as long as liquid from saidvalve actuating cylinder means is in venting flow therethrough and meanswithin said command valve means to close said command valve at the endof said last mentioned venting flow.

27. A device as specified in claim 22 wherein said impact piston has asmaller diameter tapered coaxial extension portion extending away fromsaid power piston.

28. A device as specified in claim 22 wherein said impact chamber is agenerally cylindrical bore extending within said second cylinder headmeans with a tapered countersink portion adjacent the interior surfaceof said second cylinder head means.

29. A device as specified in claim 28 wherein a plurality of liquidconducting passageways extends from adjacent the transition area wheresaid countersink portion joins said cylindrical chamber surface topoints on said inner surface of said second cylinder head means.

30. A device for building up high pressure pulses of liquid comprising:a rigid member having an elongated closed end bore therein; a wallmember transversely dividing said bore into two cylinder portions; adouble headed piston axially movable within said bore to form two pairsof axially variable chambers therein by cooperation of each piston headwith a respective cylinder portion; said piston moving cyclicallythrough an initial half cycle stroke from adjacent one end of said boreto adjacent the other end thereof and through a return half cycle strokein a reverse manner; gas containing means in gas flow communicationthroughout a major portion of each of said strokes with one of saidchambers formed in part by said wall member; said rigid member havingliquid inlet means in constant communication with the other of saidchambers formed in part by said wall member and adapted to be connectedto a source of pressurized liquid; said rigid member having liquidoutlet means constantly communicating with said other chamber; valvemeans carried by said rigid member and selectively operable to controlthe opening and closing of said liquid outlet means; valve actuatingmeans carried by said rigid member operative in timed relationship withthe movement of said piston to open said liquid outlet means at the endof said initial stroke and maintain said liquid outlet means open duringsaid return stroke and to maintain said liquid outlet means closedduring said initial stroke; said rigid member having impact chambermeans extending from said one end of said bore; said piston havingimpact means extending therefrom and towards said one end of said bore;said impact means being slidably received in said impact chamber meansin substantially liquid tight relationship therewith throughout themovement of said piston during the latter portion of said return stroke;liquid inlet means connected tosaid impact chamber; and flow controlmeans in said inlet means to prevent outflow of liquid therethrough.

31. A device for building up high pressure pulses of liquid as specifiedin claim 30 wherein said two piston heads are connected by a smallerdiameter rod member rigidly secured to one of said piston heads andreleasably attached to the other of said piston heads by latching means.

32. A device for building up high pressure pulses of liquid as specifiedin claim 31 wherein said latching means is operable by pressurizedliquid to efiect said attachment of said other piston head to said rodmember and operdirection; thereafter impacting said movable member Iupon a hydraulic fluid contained within a chamber having a restrictedmovement of liquid therefrom and the volume of which is decreased bymovement of said movable member during the latter portion of saidmovement in said opposite direction.

34. A method for producing high pressure pulses 0 liquid as specified inclaim 33 including the further steps of resupplying said chamber withsaid liquid and repeating all subsequent steps in a prolonged series ofidentical rapidly repeated cycles.

35. A method as defined in claim 33 in which said converting commencesimmediately upon cessation 0 said compressing.

36. A method as defined in claim 35 in which said hydraulic force isproduced by constantly supplying a liquid under pressure to a liquidcontacting face of said movable member.

References Cited The following references, cited by the Examiner, are ofrecord in the patented file of this patent or the original patent.

UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,389,300 8/1921 Gasche -545 2,357,632 9/ 1944Cornelius 6054.5

2,787,123 4/1957 Delvaux 6057 2,827,764 3/1958 Simmonds 60-51 3,191,3836/1965 Basset 60-545- 2,540,347 2/ 1 Pounds 60-57 2,032,185 2/ 1936Sciaky.

2,789,510 4/1957 Meynig 417402 MARTIN P. SCHWAD'RON, Primary Examiner A.M. ZUPCIC, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

